Live Rung 01 · Be Visible
Brand Visibility · Sources & citations

See the sources AI cites when it answers your category.

Trace citations from buyer questions to specific domains and pages. See which brands appear alongside them, how source patterns differ across AI systems, and where your evidence ecosystem may need attention.

Every citation is inspectable in the captured response it appeared in. Herm reports what was cited alongside an answer, not that it caused the answer: read the methodology.

Sources & Citations
412 domains cited · Run 12 · 14 Aug 2026
Domains cited
412
Top 20 concentration
61%
Your owned share
6%
Cite a rival, not you
9
Where AI gets its information
Editorial 34%
Review 22%
Community 19%
Retailer 13%
Competitor owned 6%
Owned 6%

Only 6% of what AI reads about this category is yours. Editorial and review sites decide the rest.

1,842 citations across 540 askings · live product, sample workspace
01 Definitions

What Herm counts as a source, and as a citation.

Source analysis is only useful if the unit of measurement is stated. Four definitions govern every number on this page.

Source
A domain or page visible in a captured answer

Anything the system surfaces as a citation, link or named reference in the response Herm captured, recorded at both domain and page level.

Citation
One source, in one answer, on one system

A citation is a single observation: this question, this system, this run, this date. Counts on this page are sums of those observations, never estimates.

Domain vs page
Two different questions

The domain tells you which publishers keep appearing in your category. The page tells you what was actually readable there, and whether it mentions you.

Not counted
Retrieval you cannot see

Herm records the sources a response makes visible. It does not claim to see a model’s internal retrieval, its ranking logic, or sources it used without disclosing them.

02 Citation in context

A citation only means something inside the answer it appeared in.

Every source on this page opens back into the captured response that cited it: the text as returned, the brands named, and the position each one held.

Citation in context
4 sources in this answer

“best vitamin C serum for sensitive skin under £40”

ChatGPT · gpt-5.1 · run 12 · asking 2 of 3 · 14 Aug 2026 09:12 · UK / EN · no personalization

For sensitive skin, three options come up consistently. Glowrise Radiance 10%[1] is the most frequently recommended: the ascorbic acid is buffered in a squalane base, which reduces stinging. Bloomlab Daily C[2] is a gentler 8% formula and the cheapest of the three at £24. Velora Bright Boost C[3] uses a fragrance-free THD ascorbate formula and is the one most often flagged as suitable for rosacea-prone skin, though it has the thinnest published evidence base. Avoid anything above 15% L-ascorbic acid if you flush easily.[4]
Cited sources
[1] skincarelab.co.uk /best-vitamin-c-sensitive-skin Editorial
[2] dermreview.com /guides/vitamin-c-sensitive-skin-2026 Review
[3] glowrise.com /products/radiance-10 Competitor owned
[4] which-beauty.co.uk /vitamin-c-buying-guide Editorial
Captured 14 Aug 2026 · verbatim · unedited
03 Source leaderboard

Which domains decide your category.

Ranked by citations across the tracked question set. The rows worth reading first are the ones that keep appearing and never cite you.

Source leaderboard
top 8 of 412
Most-cited domains in this run
Domain Type Citations Questions AI systems Brands cited alongside 30d
skincarelab.co.uk never cites Velora Editorial 214 38 5 of 5 Glowrise, Bloomlab ▲ +12
dermreview.com Review 168 31 4 of 5 Bloomlab, Velora ▲ +6
glowrise.com never cites Velora Competitor owned 141 24 5 of 5 Glowrise ▲ +9
r/SkincareAddiction never cites Velora Community 126 29 3 of 5 Glowrise, Peau & Co ▲ +18
boots.com Retailer 98 22 4 of 5 All six brands 0
which-beauty.co.uk never cites Velora Editorial 87 19 3 of 5 Glowrise, Nuvéa ▼ −4
velora.com Owned 62 11 4 of 5 Velora ▲ +21
youtube.com never cites Velora Community 54 17 2 of 5 Glowrise, Bloomlab ▲ +7
Ranked by citations in run 12 · rows marked where Velora is never cited
04 Source detail

Open a domain and see what it actually says.

Each domain resolves to the pages that were cited, the questions they answered, the systems that cited them and the brands named alongside you.

skincarelab.co.uk
214 citations · 38 questions
Pages cited on this domain
Page Citations Mentions you
/best-vitamin-c-sensitive-skin 61 No
/guides/rosacea-safe-actives 44 No
/reviews/best-budget-serums-2026 38 Yes
/fragrance-free-skincare-uk 31 Yes
Live product, sample workspace
05 By buyer question

Different questions are decided by different sources.

The domains that decide a discovery question are rarely the ones that decide a comparison. Reading citations per question is what makes the pattern actionable.

Citations by buyer question
60 tracked questions
Which sources decide which questions
Question Topic Leading source Status
best vitamin C serum for sensitive skin under £40 Vitamin C skincarelab.co.uk Named · 3rd
gentle vitamin C serum for rosacea Rosacea dermreview.com Absent
is Velora Bright Boost C any good? Brand glowrise.com Named · 1st
fragrance-free skincare brands UK Fragrance-free r/SkincareAddiction Named · 1st
Velora vs Glowrise vitamin C Comparison boots.com Named · 2nd
affordable dermatologist-tested serums Price / value which-beauty.co.uk Absent
Live product, sample workspace
06 Competitive source comparison

See which sources carry your competitors and not you.

Where a competitor leads a topic, the same handful of domains usually sits behind the answers. The gap is visible as a list of domains, not as a feeling.

Explore Competitor Intelligence →
Sources behind Glowrise
topic · Sensitive skin
Their share
67%
Yours
18%
The evidence behind their lead
skincarelab.co.uk Cites Glowrise on 3 pages that feed 9 of these answers. Velora appears on none.
glowrise.com/sensitive A dedicated owned page with an ingredient table; models quote its wording almost verbatim.
r/SkincareAddiction Named in 4 threads cited by Perplexity in the last 30 days.
Live product, sample workspace
07 Source composition

How much of what AI reads about you is yours.

Citations break down by source type: editorial, review, community, retailer, competitor owned and your own. The mix says who currently narrates your category.

Source composition
1,842 citations
Citations by source type
Source type Share Citations
Editorial 34% 627
Review 22% 405
Community 19% 350
Retailer 13% 239
Competitor owned 6% 111
Owned 6% 110
Live product, sample workspace
08 Opportunity workspace

Turn a source gap into a piece of work.

A domain that decides nine answers and never cites you is a specific, scoped task with a named owner, not a general content ambition.

Opportunity workspace
citation opportunities
Content 11 questions · 165 askings
Own the sensitive-skin conversation

Publish a sensitivity and patch-testing guide, then get the tolerance data in front of the two domains that decide this topic.

  • Absent from 7 of 9 runs
  • Competitors cited on 3 editorial pages
  • No dedicated owned page
  • Feed missing sensitivity attribute
Citation 9 questions · 132 askings
Get into the two domains that decide this category

Submit the 2025 tolerance study to skincarelab.co.uk and dermreview.com, both already cited on these answers.

  • Two domains carry 9 of the answers
  • Neither cites Velora
  • Both cite Glowrise
Live product, sample workspace
09 Limits of the method

A citation is evidence, not proof of causation.

Herm captures what AI systems make visible. That is enough to describe an evidence environment precisely, and not enough to explain a model’s reasoning. We would rather draw that line ourselves than let a dashboard imply otherwise.

● Herm can observe
  • A source was cited in a captured response.
  • Your brand appeared, and in which position.
  • Which competitors appeared in the same answer.
  • The specific claims the response contained.
  • Whether the pattern repeats across runs, systems and dates.
○ Herm does not claim
  • That the cited source caused the recommendation.
  • That changing a source will change a result.
  • That the model reasoned from that source in a specific hidden sequence.
  • That the citations shown are everything the system read.
  • That a movement in visibility was caused by a movement in sources.
10 How this is measured

Seven rules govern every citation number on this page.

The full method, meaning panel composition, prompt sets, run cadence, classification rules and known limitations, lives on the methodology page.

Read the methodology →
01
Citation

A source made visible in a captured answer: link, footnote or named reference.

02
Domain and page

Both are recorded; page-level data exists only where the system disclosed the URL.

03
Repeated runs

Every question is asked repeatedly, so a single answer never sets a number.

04
Fixed panel

The same five systems, at recorded model versions, every run.

05
One market

Results are held per market. No personalisation, no logged-in history.

06
Classification

Source types are assigned by rule, and the rule is stated on the methodology page.

07
No estimation

Counts are sums of observations. Nothing on this page is modelled.

Common questions

What counts as a citation?

One source, in one answer, on one system, on one run. A citation is a single observation, and every count on the page is a sum of those observations, never an estimate.

Does Herm see everything the model read?

No. Herm records the sources a response makes visible. It does not claim to see a model’s internal retrieval, its ranking logic, or sources it used without disclosing them.

If we get cited on a top domain, will our score go up?

Herm will not claim that. It reports the sources cited alongside answers and the patterns associated with visibility. It does not claim a cited source caused a recommendation, or that changing a source will change a result.

Which systems are these citations from?

The fixed five-system panel: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity and Grok, recorded per run with the date and market.

Do you record pages or just domains?

Both, where the system disclosed the URL. The domain tells you which publishers keep appearing in your category; the page tells you what was actually readable there, and whether it mentions you.

See what AI reads before it answers about you.

Start with one category and see which domains decide it, which of them cite you, and which never have.

Sample figures throughout.